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Answer:

Trophic cascade, an ecological phenomenon triggered by the addition or removal of top predators and involving reciprocal changes in the relative populations of predator and prey through a food chain, which often results in dramatic changes in ecosystem structure and nutrient cycling

The use of the symbols + and - in a trophic cascade is specific to the removal or addition of top predators to the respective trophic levels.

What do you mean by Trophic cascade?

A trophic cascade may be defined as powerful indirect interactions that can control entire ecosystems irrespective of organisms or species.

The symbol + denotes the positive effect of predators on the trophic level of their prey, while the symbol - denotes the negative effect of predators on the trophic level of their prey.

Therefore, the use of the symbols + and - in a trophic cascade is specific to the removal or addition of top predators to the respective trophic levels.

To learn more about the Trophic cascade, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/25958333