Question 5
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can damage DNA by breaking weak bonds. Which of the following best explains how this occurs?
A
UV radiation disrupts the double helix structure by breaking the covalent bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs,
B
UV radiation disrupts the double helix structure to breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs.
С
UV radiation is able to break DNA strands in two by breaking covalent bonds between the sugar phosphate backbone molecules
D
UV radiation is able to break DNA strands in two by breaking hydrogen bonds between the sugar phosphate bachoone molecules

DNA, known as deoxyribonucleic acid, is one of the two types of nucleic acids. It is a long double helical structure found in the nucleus of cells.

STRUCTURE OF THE DNA:

The DNA is made up of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of three components namely: phosphate group, nitrogenous bases and a pentose sugar.

In the DNA molecule, the four nitrogenous bases are Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine. Adenine and Thymine bonds together while Cytosine and Guanine bonds together. Weak hydrogen bonds holds one nitrogenous base to its complementary base.

Therefore, an ultraviolet radiation can damage the DNA structure by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs.

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