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The side groups are what make each amino acid different from the others. Of the 20 side groups used to make proteins, there are two main groups: polar and non-polar. These names refer to the way the side groups, sometimes called "R" groups, interact with the environment.

The molecular formulas for all the amino acids differ - the R group or side chain.

Each amino acid has the same molecular structure with a central carbon atom, the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom.

  • Each amino acid is exactly the same except for the R group.
  • little side chain represented by the will be different depending on the kind of amino acid.
  • For example, glycine has a hydrogen atom as its R group, whereas alanine has a methyl group (CH3).

Thus, the molecular formulas for all the amino acids differ - the R group or side chain.

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