Photosynthesis is a series of metabolic reactions by which plants and algae use sunlight, water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce molecular oxygen (O2) and energy in the form of carbohydrates (glucose).
Photosynthesis has two types of reactions:
- The light-dependent reactions. These reactions convert light energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).
- The light-independent reactions (dark reactions or Calvin Cycle). These reactions fix carbon from CO2 into molecules which are then used to produce sugar (glucose).
- The reactants in the light-dependent reaction include light and water (H2O).
- The products of the light-dependent reactions are ATP, oxygen and NADPH.
- The reactants in the dark reactions are ATP, NADPH and carbon dioxide (CO2).
- The product of the dark reactions is sugar (carbohydrates).
In conclusion, photosynthesis has two types of reactions: light-dependent reactions and light-independent (Calvin Cycle) reactions.
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