Considering the definition of exothermic and endothermic reactions, the correct answer is second option: the reaction is endothermic.
Energy and chemical reactions
Energy is the ability to do work or to produce heat.
Remembering that chemical reactions involve a reorganization of atoms between substances with breaking or formation of chemical bonds, this formation or breaking of chemical bonds is accompanied by changes in the energy of the system.
Exothermic reactions
Chemical reactions that release heat are called exothermic. That is, an exothermic reaction is one where energy flows out of the system.
So, at room temperature, the heat released by a chemical reaction is enough to cause a rise in temperature.
Endothermic reactions
An endothermic reaction is one that requires heat to take place. In other words, a chemical reaction is endothermic when it absorbs energy from the environment.
In this case, the heat is transferred from the outside to the inside of the system. By absorbing heat, the effect of an endothermic reaction is to lower the temperature.
This case
When ammonium chloride is dissolved in water, the beaker gets cold. That means the system is absorbing heat from the surrounding and the temperature does down.
So, the correct answer is second option: the reaction is endothermic.
Learn more about endothermic and exothermic reactions:
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