Atoms are known to form charges due to their ability to gain and lose electrons in reactions. As a result, atoms become ions that are positively or negatively charged depending on the loss or gain of electrons. Which of the following atoms has a charge of +1 given the number of electrons?
a
Se: 36 electrons
b
S: 18 electrons
c
Na: 10 electrons
d
Cl: 18 electrons

An atom having more protons than electrons is called a cation. This type of ion is formed by losing electrons.
An atom having more electrons than protons is called an anion. This type of ion is formed by gaining electrons.
An atom of an element loses or gains electrons to attain the electronic configuration of noble gas in order to become stable.

Selenium has an atomic number of 34 and its electronic configuration is:

[tex][Se]=[Ar] 3d^{10}4s^24p^4[/tex]

In order to obtain the electronic configuration of noble gas, it will gain two electrons and form [tex]Se^{2-}[/tex]anion.

[tex][Se]^{2-}=[Ar] 3d^{10}4s^24p^6[/tex]

(36 number of total electrons)

[tex][S]=[Ne]3s^2 3p^4[/tex]

In order to obtain the electronic configuration of noble gas, it will gain two electrons and form [tex]S^{2-}[/tex] anion.

[tex][S]^{2-}=[Ne]3s^2 3p^6[/tex]

(18 number of total electrons)

[tex][Na]=[Ne]3s^1[/tex]

In order to obtain the electronic configuration of noble gas, it will lose one electron and form [tex]Na^{+}[/tex] cation.

[tex][Na]^+=[Ne]3s^0[/tex]

(10 number of total electrons)

Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and its electronic configuration is:

[tex][Cl]=[Ne]3s^2 3p^5[/tex]

In order to obtain the electronic configuration of noble gas, it will gain one electron and form [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] anion.

[tex][Cl]^{-}=[Ne]3s^2 3p^6[/tex]

(18 number of total electrons)

So, from this, we can conclude that the atom with (+1) charge out given four atoms in sodium atom, Na:10 electrons.

Learn more about cations and anions here:

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