Answer:
d. pigmentocracy
Explanation:
Pigmentocracy: In sociology, the term "pigmentocracy" is described as the color-based and ethnic hierarchies of Latin America.
According to David R. Dietrich, pigmentocracy is described as a society whereby Latinos, Blacks, and Asians have or possesses distinct social statuses based on their skin color. In pigmentocracy, the white people are being placed on the top of the hierarchy whereas the black people are being placed on the lowest.
In the question above, the correct answer is option-d.
