Answer : The correct option is, (A) impulse
Explanation :
Change in momentum : It is the product of the mass of an object and the change in velocity of an object.
Formula : [tex]\Delta p=m\times \Delta V[/tex]
Impulse : It is the product of the force applied on the object and the time. It is also equivalent to the change in momentum of an object.
Formula : [tex]J=F\times t[/tex]
And the impulse is also equal to the change in momentum.
Proof of [tex]J=\Delta p[/tex] :
[tex]J=F\times t\\\\J=(m\times a)\times t\\\\J=m\times (a\times t)\\\\J=m\times \Delta v=\Delta p[/tex]
Force : It is the product of mass of an object and acceleration of an object.
Velocity : It is defined as the change in the position of an object in unit time.
Acceleration : It is defined as the change in the velocity of an object in a unit time.
Hence, the impulse is equivalent to the change in momentum of an object.
