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Using table 3, predict the molecular geometry of the following molecules:
a. The central atom bonded to four substituent atoms and having no lone pair.
b. The central atom bonded to three substituent atoms and having one lone pair.
c. The central atom bonded to two substituent atoms ảnd having
one lone pair.
d. The central atom bonded to two substituent atoms and having no lone pair.

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Answer:

see explanations

Explanation:

a. The central atom bonded to four substituent atoms and having no lone pair.

This is an AX₄ geometry => tetrahedron

b. The central atom bonded to three substituent atoms and having one lone pair.

This is an AX₃E geometry => pyramidal

c. The central atom bonded to two substituent atoms ảnd having

one lone pair.

This is an AX₂E geometry => bent angular

d. The central atom bonded to two substituent atoms and having no lone pair.

This is an AX₂ geometry => linear

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Based upon the VSEPR Theory there are 6 parent geometry configurations and associated derived geometries.

Parent geometries  => Derivatives => Examples

  • linear => AX₂ (BeCl₂)                        
  • trigonal planer => AX₃ (BH₃) => AX₂E (Bent)  (:SnCl₂)
  • tetrahedral => AX₄ (CH₄) => pyrimidal AX₃E (NH₃) => Bent AX₂E₂ (H₂O)
  • trigonal bipyrimidal => AX₅ (PCl₅) => seesaw AX₄E (:SF₄) => T-shaped AX₃E₂ (ClF₃ (T-shaped) => linear AX₂E₃ (XeF₂)
  • octahedral => AX₆ (SF₆) => sqr pyramid AX₅E (IF₅) => sqr planar AX₄E₂ (XeF₄)
  • pentagonal bipyrimidal => AX₇ (ClF₇)

For graphic images of each geometry do an internet search for 'molecular geometry'.

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