In 2018, the CEO of General Dynamics (an aerospace and defense company), Phebe Novakovic, received a total compensation of about $20.7 million. This was estimated to be approximately 240 times the median General Dynamics employee's compensation. In 2018, General Dynamic's market value was approximately $47 billion. Which of the following explains why companies are willing to pay so much money for good managers?

a. A good manager can increase the value of a company. Even a small change in the value of a large company can mean a significant return to individual shareholders.
b. Top-level management requires extensive training and education so potential executives require a high salary to make up for lost earnings gaining that training.
c. CEOs are always paid significantly more because there are so few people willing to work as a chief executive.