Why do the atoms in the top rows in the Periodic Table have higher electronegativity than atoms in lower rows?

The electrons of those atoms are farther from the nucleus.

The electrons of those atoms are closer to the nucleus.

The electrons of those atoms are part of the nucleus.

When there is unequal sharing between two atoms of the electrons in a bond, which type of bond is it?

polar covalent

electronegative

ionic

nonpolar covalent

Electronegativity is defined as the property of an element to attract a shared pair of electron towards itself. The size of an atom increases as we move down the group because a new shell is added and electron gets added up.

As, the size of an element increases, the valence electrons gets away from the nucleus. So, the attraction between the nucleus and the shared pair of electrons.

Hence, the correct statement is the electrons of those atoms are farther from the nucleus.

For 2:

A polar covalent bond is defined as the bond which is formed when there is a difference of electronegativities between the atoms. It is also defined as the bond which is formed due to the unequal sharing of electrons between the atoms.

An electronegative atom is the one which attracts the shared pair of electron towards itself.

Ionic bond is formed when there is complete transfer of electron from one atom to another atom.

Non-polar covalent bond is defined as the bond which is formed when there is no difference of electronegativities between the atoms. It is also defined as the bond which is formed due to the equal sharing of electrons between the atoms.

Hence, the correct answer is polar covalent.