Norma gives her elderly mother a ride to the grocery store once a week when she does her own grocery shopping. On a form at work, she lists this as a community service and hides the fact that it's her own mother she's helping because she knows her boss values volunteerism and actively encourages all employees to contribute to the community. When her boss praises her for her commitment to community service, Norma feels pleased and optimistic that she will soon get a raise. According to virtue-based ethics, why is Norma's action unethical?
a. She is acting out of a sense of compassion and goodwill.
b. She is prioritizing monetary gain over honesty.
c. Lying is always wrong.
d. She is not cultivating any virtues by helping her mother.