How does this excerpt contribute to the effect of Winthrop’s message on his audience?

a) It encourages the audience to model the behavior of a respected religious figure to ensure the colony does not fail.

b) Winthrop sets a warning tone by comparing the challenges that the colonists will face in their new home to a disaster at sea.

c) It calls into question the moral character of the audience by listing the areas in which they are deficient.

d) Winthrop conveys the idea that the colonists are expected to take care of themselves before addressing the needs of others.