Cancer cells can arise in a variety of ways, the most common, however, tends to be genetic mutations.
Genetic mutations can occur during the life of a cell due to outside factors such as:
- The food we eat
- The environment we expose the cell to
- The substances that touch the cell (e.g skin cells)
That being said, the most common time for a genetic mutation to take place is during cellular division. During this time the DNA that encodes the cells is duplicated. Genetic mutations in this DNA sometimes cause the elimination of programmed cell death.
Programmed cell death is what tells a cell when it should stop growing and dividing. This is a regulatory function designed to keep the number of cells at a balance, growing only when needed. As this cell multiplies, this produces an increasing number of cells that will not die. The accumulation of these cells is referred to as cancer.
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