1. The Crusades helped start the Scientific Revolution by:
A. breaking up kingdoms into feudal fiefdoms.
B. bringing Europeans into contact with the Islamic world.
C. increasing the power and prestige of the Catholic Church.
D. All of the choices are correct.

2. Which of the following ideas is most associated with the Age of Enlightenment?
A. Colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country.
B. The king's rule is absolute and his authority comes from God.
C. One can deduce the best form of government by analyzing man in his natural state.
D. By following a Middle Path between extremes, one can better understand the universe.

3. Which of the following philosophers believed that, in the state of nature, man's life was "nasty, brutish, and short?"
A. John Locke
B. Thomas Hobbes
C. Baron de Montesquieu
D. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

4. Which of the following philosophers advocated for a separation of powers in which three branches of the government check each other?
A. John Locke
B. Thomas Hobbes
C. Baron de Montesquieu
D. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

5. Enlightened despots, like Catherine the Great or Frederick the Great:
A. voluntarily gave up power.
B. persecuted Enlightenment philosophers.
C. were forcibly removed from power by rebellions.
D. pursued limited reforms based on Enlightenment ideas.