1. clause necessary to the meanings of the words modified
2. contains at least two independent clauses
3. contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
4. has one subject and one predicate, and expresses a complete thought
5. a verb form used as another part of speech
6. a verb form ending in -ing used as an adjective
7. a verb form ending in -ing used as a noun
8. a verb form preceded by to, used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb
9. in, with, across, beside, etc.

a. infinitive
b. verbal
c. restrictive clause
d. simple sentence
e. prepositions
f. complex sentence
g. participle
h. gerund
i. compound sentence