The statement 'warm surface water will decrease upwelling because cooler temperatures on land will prevent upwelling' describes how the warm water affects upwelling. El Niño is a climatic phenomenon.
El Niño is a climate phenomenon characterized by the warming of the surface water in the tropical Pacific Ocean.
The upwelling refers to the rising of deeper and colder water to shallower depths (i.e., the movement of deeper water to shallow levels), which occurs during the El Niño phenomenon.
The El Niño occurs every 2 to 7 calendar years as a consequence of the unusual warming of the sea water surface temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
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