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Answer:

Benefits: economic growth and job opportunities that draw people to cities.  Drawbacks: air and water pollution and soil contamination that resulted in a significant deterioration of quality of life and life expectancy.

benefits: larger population which resulted in all jobs being filled. economy grew as more diverse jobs were available (moving on from just farmers)
drawbacks: not enough room to house everybody at some points, living conditions were bad in dense cities. job shortages