According to PA law, in order for child abuse to occur there needs to be an act or failure to act, a perpetrator and a victim.
This is all forms of abuse that is done to a child by an adult which may be seen as threatening or as violence to the child.
This is also inclusive of neglect by parents and guardian. Maltreating a child and acting violently towards them are all components of abuse.
Read more on child abuse here: https://brainly.com/question/4440627