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What are the different sociological theories of crime?
While there are many different sociological theories about crime, there are four primary perspectives about deviance: Structural Functionalism, Social Strain Typology, Conflict Theory, and Labeling Theory. Starting with these theories can provide the context and perspective necessary to better appreciate other sociological theories of crime.
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There are four sociological perspectives use to understand crime and criminal justice system in America:
- Structural Functionalism
- Social Strain Typology
- Conflict Theory
- Labeling Theory
What is crime in Sociology?
Crime under sociology is defined as the study of social deviance and violation of established norms.
Most common types of crime under Sociology is:
- Violent crime
- Property crime
- White-collar crime
- Organized crime
- Consensual or victimless crime
Four primary sociological deviance are:
- Structural Functionalism:
Structural Functionalism argues deviant behavior plays an important part in society bringing together different parts of the population within a society. Deviance helps to demarcate limitations for acceptable and unacceptable behavior and serves to affirm our cultural values and norms.
While deviant behavior can throw off social balance, society may adjust social norms in the process of restoring that balance.
In other words, deviant behavior can then contribute to social stability in the long term because it challenges norms while promoting social cohesion
- Social Strain Typology:
Social Strain typology proposes that deviant behavior can be classified by typology based on a person’s motivations or adherence to cultural objectives and beliefs about how they can obtain those goals.
The main “types” of social deviance being: ritualism, innovation, rebellion, ritualism, retreatism, and conformity.
This theory also suggests that people can turn towards deviant behavior while pursuing accepted social values/goals.
-Conflict Theory:
Conflict Theory views deviant behavior as a consequence of material inequality between various socio-political groups. Those groups might be drawn along the lines of gender, religion, race, class, and so on.
Each sociopolitical group has a tendency to perceive its own interests in completion with others.
Groups that find themselves in an unequal social position in society will be inclined to deviant behavior to change those circumstances, including the structures which helped create them.
-Labeling Theory:
Labeling Theory argues that deviant behavior is often a consequence of having a deviant-like label applied to a person.
This theory tends to focus on how people become deviant as a result of others forcing that identity upon them.
It allows us to develop a better understanding of how a person’s previous behaviors can be reinterpreted in relation to the symbolic labeling they encountered over the course of their lives.
What is Criminal Justice System of U.S.A?
A criminal justice system is an organization that exists to enforce a legal code. There are three branches of the U.S. criminal justice system: the police, the courts, and the corrections system.
To learn more about sociological crime here
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