The Doppler effect, which is used to examine galaxies, tells us that a galaxy is approaching Earth through a redshift. hence option C(It indicates a galaxy moving toward Earth through red shift) is correct.
Doppler effect, generated by the relative motion of the wave source and the observer, is the apparent difference between the frequency at which sound or light waves leave a source and that at which they reach an observer. Mössbauer effect, which uses this phenomenon in astronomical observations.
Galaxies are studied using the Doppler effect. Astronomers typically measure the light divergence towards the lower frequency, in the spectrum we look at the red region, to determine how quickly stars and galaxies are moving away from or towards us. As a result, it suggests that a galaxy is redshifting and approaching Earth.
Learn more about doppler's effect here:
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