Arms of the chromosome are unproportioned, with extra or missing genetic material is the change to the chromosome causes Robertsonian translocation. Thus, the correct option is D.
Acrocentric chromosomes are affected by a Robertsonian translocation. The narrow region where both halves of an acrocentric chromosome unite lies at the end of the chromosome in an acrocentric chromosome.
Acrocentric chromosomes fuse together in a Robertsonian translocation. Two "long arms" of DNA are fused together in this process. Because the ends of their short arms have comparable repetitive DNA sequences that predispose them to fusion, only chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22 are involved in this form of translocation.
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