The impulse originates in the SA node, a tiny cluster of specialized cells in the right atrium.
During the various parts of the cardiac cycle, the atria serve three functions: reservoir during systole, passive conduit during early diastole, and booster function during late diastole.
The electrical activity causes the atria to shrink as it spreads through the walls. Blood is forced into the ventricles as a result of this. Your heartbeat's rate and rhythm are controlled by the SA node.
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