Ptolemy's theory of the solar system is an example of an incorrect theory that was disproved by the discovery of new information.
Ptolemy anchored his geocentric paradigm on the Earth. Ptolemy felt the universe was a system of nested orbs surrounding the Earth based on the facts he had.
He believed that the Moon was nearest to the Earth, followed by Mercury, Venus, and finally the Sun.
Ptolemy's theory of the solar system is an example of an incorrect theory that was disproved by the discovery of new information.
Thus, the answer is Ptolemy's theory of the solar system.
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