The light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) employ chemical energy saved during the light-dependent reactions to "fix" CO2 and produce a substance that can be turned into glucose. The light-independent processes (or Calvin cycle) have as their ultimate goal the assembly of a glucose molecule.
Plants and algae employ the Calvin cycle to convert carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, which autotrophs require to grow. The Calvin cycle is essential to all living things on the planet.
The light-dependent processes convert light energy into the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron transporter NADPH, which are both required for the next step of photosynthesis. Light reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of organelles called chloroplasts in plants.
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