The diagram represents a chain reaction that is caused by nuclear fission
A chain reaction is simply a sequence of reactions in which a reactive product or a by-product causes additional reactions to take place.
Nuclear fission is a type of reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits or divides into smaller nuclei.
From the diagram, it can seen that larger atoms where divided into smaller ones which resulted in additional reactions.
Hence, the reaction is a chain reaction cause by nuclear fission.
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