Both primary and secondary succession involves ecosystems recovering from a disruptive event. Thus, option "B" is correct.
Primary succession occurs following an opening of pristine habitat, for example, a lava flow, an area left from retreated glacier, or abandoned strip mine. In contrast, secondary succession is a response to a disturbance, for example, forest fire, tsunami, flood, or an abandoned field.
Primary succession begins in barren areas, such as on bare rock exposed by a retreating glacier. Secondary succession follows a major disturbance, such as a fire or a flood.
Thus, option "B" is correct.
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