- T and B cells express clonally distributed antigen receptors in the adaptive immune system.
- Antigen-specific T cell populations are stimulated by professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) to achieve functional adaptive immune responses, which provide critical stimulatory signals for efficient expansion and development of effector functions.
- Helper T cells send costimulatory signals to antigen-specific B cells, promoting affinity maturation and isotype switching. In this section, we discuss the interactions between DCs, T cells, and B cells, as well as the critical signals for the efficient induction of adaptive immune responses.
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