Seasonal changes in insolation that occur throughout the year are mainly due to the earth’s Axial tilt.
In older models, the Earth's present axial tilt of 23.5 degrees remained the same over time, due to the impact angles that shape the Moon. Over billions of years, the Earth's rotation slowed from her 5 hours to her 24 hours as tidal energy was released.
This tilt gives us the seasons. Because the Earth's axis always points in the same direction, each hemisphere sees a different amount of sunlight as the planet moves around the Sun. During part of the year, the northern hemisphere moves away from sunlight. The days are getting shorter and the temperature is dropping.
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