Assessment of an alert and oriented 9-year-old child with a history of asthma reveals him to be breathing 20 times a minute with adequate chest rise and fall. You also note that he exhibits nasal flaring and has slight retractions of the intercostal muscles. His heart rate is 100 beats per minute and his blood pressure is 102/64 mmHg. On room air, he has a pulse oximeter reading of 98%. The EMT would recognize

Compensated respiratory acidosis is typically the result of a chronic condition, the slow nature of onset giving the kidneys time to compensate. Common causes of respiratory acidosis include hypoventilation due to respiratory depression (sedatives, narcotics, CVA, etc.)

Respiratory alkalosis occurs when high levels of carbon dioxide disrupt the blood's acid-base balance. It often occurs in people who experience rapid, uncontrollable breathing (hyperventilation).

Retention of bicarbonate by renal tubules to minimize the effect on blood pH of carbon dioxide retention by the lungs, such as occurs in patients with hypoventilation.

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