A white dwarf will become a supernova if it accretes an additional 1.38 MSun from a companion. White dwarf stars have used up all of the hydrogen that was once used as nuclear fuel. Heat and outward pressure are produced by fusion in a star's core, but these pressures are balanced by the star's mass's inward pull of gravity.
They are the stellar cores that remain after a star has depleted its fuel supply and ejected the majority of its gas and dust into space. The white dwarf is considered "dead" because the atoms inside it no longer fuse to provide energy to the star.
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