The mammalian tail and human coccyx are homologous organs, as are the leaves of pitcher plants and cacti. The flippers of penguins and dolphins, as well as the shells of turtles and crabs, and the bills of ducks and platypuses are analogous structures.
Homologous organs are the ones that are structurally similar but function differently. They were the consequence of divergent evolution. Divergent evolution occurs when species with close ancestors develop similar structures that carry out various functions in different environments.
The mammalian tail and coccyx, as well as pitcher plant and cactus leaves, are homologous organs in this case. Penguin and dolphin flippers, the bills of ducks and platypuses, as well as turtle and crab shells, are analogous structures.
Thus, these are the various instances of homologous and analogous structures.
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