Answer:
Organisms inherit traits from their parents. The parents pass on their genes to their offspring.
Dominant traits is a trait that is expressed when at least one copy of the allele is present. When people hear the word "dominant", they often believe that the dominant trait expressed in majority of a population, however that is not necessarily true. Recessive traits, co-dominant traits and incomplete dominant traits can also be the most common in a population. An example of this is blood types in humans. O blood type is a recessive trait, however it is the most common.
Punnett squares are a tool that uses the genotypes of the parents to predict the probability of the possible genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring.
A punnett square is used to determine the probability of inheriting genes by looking at the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.
In a punnett square, dominant traits are shown using uppercase letters and recessive traits are shown using lowercase letters.
Homozygous dominant - two copies of a dominant allele for a given gene
Heterozygous dominant - one copy of a dominant allele and one copy of a recessive allele for a given gene
Homozygous recessive - two copies of a recessive allele for a given gene
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