Consider a perfectly competitive industry in long-run equilibrium. if a single firm in that industry discovers a significant cost-saving production technology, then the rest of the industry will quickly adopt the new technology.
A perfectly competitive market reaches long-term equilibrium when not all firms are making economic profits and the number of firms in the market remains the same. Minimizing the long-run average total cost.
In a perfectly competitive market at long-term equilibrium, an increase in demand produces economic gains in the short term and leads to market entry in the long term. Declining demand will lead to economic losses (negative economic gains) in the short term and will force some companies to exit the industry in the long term.
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