The 50's was all about conformity , mainly due to the fear of being considered a Communist, basically being completely different destroyed your life. I used to look upon the 1950's as time of greatness, but being older I realized how much of a hellhole it would have been if i'd lived in that time as the person I am today.
There weren't that many movements that rose up and opposed society in the 50's. The only two I know of are the Rock and Roll Movement and the Beat movement in literature.