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Sugar plantations were the backbone ( ) of the economy. Sugar was also the main Hawaiian export to the United States. For many years, Hawaiian sugar was sold tariff-free in the United States. In 1890, the US Congress passed the ( ) , which removed tariffs on all foreign sugar imports. This change meant that Hawaiian sugar producers had to compete with other nations in the US market.

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The most accurate words to fill the spaces would be:
Sugar plantations were the backbone ( source ) of the economy.

In 1890, the US Congress passed the ( McKinley Tariff ), which removed tariffs on all foreign sugar imports.

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Answer:Hawaiin economy

Tariff Act

Explanation:

After 450 amendments, the Tariff Act of 1890 was passed and increased average duties across all imports from 38% to 49.5%. McKinley was known as the "Napoleon of Protection," and rates were raised on some goods and lowered on others, always in an attempt to protect American manufacturing interests.