Schoolmasters often used discipline that today would seem very cruel to us
By definition, a noun is just defined as a name of a person, animal, place or things. Example of nouns included Peter, Paul, Sophia, Cat, Table, New York, Texas, e.t.c
Now,a Pronoun may be a subcategory of nouns and it is simply a word that can replace a noun to avoid repetition. for instance , rather than calling someone by his name like Peter, you'll say;
Peter wants to return but "he" said he is tired. So we see that the word he has replaced Peter to avoid repetition.
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