Runoff occurs over a shorter time after urbanization.
Under natural conditions, runoff velocities are lower than in built-up areas and runoff occurs over a longer period of time. Also, the pre-development peak runoff rate is much lower than the post-development peak runoff rate due to attenuation and absorption by soil and vegetation.
Impermeable surfaces with urbanization reduce infiltration, increase surface runoff, and alter the pathways by which water reaches urban streams. Temperature, wind speed and humidity are the main meteorological factors affecting runoff. They affect the rate of evaporation and transpiration, thus affecting soil moisture content and infiltration rates, and ultimately runoff.
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