An ecosystem, also known as an ecological system, is made up of all the creatures and the physical setting in which they live. These biotic and abiotic components are connected through the nutrient cycles and energy fluxes. Energy enters the system and is absorbed by plant tissue through photosynthesis. By consuming plants and one other, animals contribute significantly to the movement of resources and energy throughout the system.
Through photosynthesis, energy and carbon are introduced into ecosystems, where they are then absorbed into living tissue, passed to other creatures that eat the live and dead plant materials, and finally expelled through respiration.
When a plant is alive, animals use the carbon and energy stored in its tissues (known as net primary production), or they leave it unattended when the plant tissue decays and becomes detritus.
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