Both the social contract and fairness to others are addressed by Barbara.
The stages of moral development, proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg in 1958, is a whole-step theory of moral development that is based on Jean Piaget's theory of moral judgment for children (1932). Kohlberg's theory, which is cognitive in nature, focuses on the thought process that takes place when one chooses whether a behavior is right or bad.
Thus, rather than what one decides or does, the theoretical focus is on how one chooses to respond to a moral issue. Despite its enormous influence, Kohlberg's theory was based on studies with solely male participants. The American psychologist Carol Gilligan critiqued the notion in the 1980s of universalizing patterns of moral growth displayed by boys while disregarding the unique patterns peculiar to girls.
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