Ethnography is the research method that might involve shifting between participating in a social situation and being an observer.
A subfield of anthropology called ethnography is the systematic study of particular civilizations. Ethnography investigates cultural phenomena from the viewpoint of the research subject.
An anthropologist visiting an island, residing there for years, and doing study on its people and culture through a process of continuous observation and engagement is a typical example of ethnographic research method.
In sociological study, observation is a technique that allows researchers to monitor and evaluate their subjects' behaviour in a social situation. When conducting covert observations, the researcher's presence is unknown. Participants in overt observations are aware of the presence of and identity of the researcher.
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