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The approximate mass of a 1-square centimeter column of air that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere is 1 kilogram.
- Atomic mass is the amount of matter that makes up an element's atom. It is written as a multiple of 1.992646547 1023 gram, or one-twelfth of the mass of the carbon-12 atom, which is given an atomic mass of 12 units. In this scale, 1.660539040 1024 gram is equal to 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
- One of the three primary components of an atom is a proton. Atoms contain protons in their nucleus. At the core of each atom, there is a minuscule, dense area. Protons have a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu), or around 1.671027 kilograms, and a positive electrical charge of 1 (+1).
- In a Penning trap, the electron's relative atomic mass can be determined immediately. It can also be deduced from measurements of the electron g-factor in the hydrogenic ions 12C5+ or 16O7+ or from the spectra of antiprotonic helium atoms (helium atoms in which one of the electrons has been replaced by an antiproton).
- Add the masses of the protons and neutrons together to determine the atomic mass of a single element. Find the atomic mass of a carbon isotope with seven neutrons, for instance. The periodic table reveals that the number of protons in carbon, or its atomic number, is six.
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