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Antagonistic effects of the same organ are observed when parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation is present in it.
The parasympathetic division and the sympathetic division are two diametrically opposed divisions of the autonomic nervous system that control homeostasis. Most of the body's organs are innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, which work against one another to maintain normal physiology including blood pressure, blood oxygen levels, and nutrition levels. Each scenario necessitates a different level of effort on the part of a certain organ to maintain homeostasis. Additionally, certain organs must function in order to get the body ready for potential future circumstances. The autonomic nervous system controls each and every one of these processes.
The autonomic nervous system prepares the body for stressful conditions is the sympathetic division. This mechanism is frequently referred to as "fight or flight." Among the many impacts of this system are elevated heart rate, constricted blood arteries to the skin and viscera (raising blood supply to the muscles), enlarging pupils, and reduced salivation. All of these reactions encourage surviving in a hazardous circumstance.
The parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, sometimes known as the "rest and digest" system, gets the body ready for settings that allow for rest. The parasympathetic nervous system slows heart rate, increases gastrointestinal motility, and increases salivation, among other things. By conserving nutrients, these reactions aid the body's ability to recuperate and become ready for stressful conditions.
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