Which radioactive isotope and isotopes would you use to date a 4-billion-year-old piece of granite?

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10-02-2017
Geography

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Which radioactive isotope and isotopes would you use to date a 4-billion-year-old piece of granite?

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brockrohn brockrohn · Answer 1 · 2017-02-10T15:58:08+01:00

1) Would depend on what you were trying to date. It you were trying to date the crystallisation of the parental magma, most likely U-Pb dating on zircon or perhaps monazite if present. Both minerals occur commonly as igneous minerals in granite and are relatively resistant to metamorphism, so stand a reasonable chance of retaining the crystallization age. The U-Pb system is also a long-lived decay system, so is appropriate to the timescale.. If you were trying to date the age of the 'stuff' the granite was made from (i.e. when the 'stuff' was extracted from the mantle) Hf isotopes. If you were trying to date the cooling history of the granite, a combination of U-Pb (on minerals such as titanite), Ar-Ar and Rb-Sr dating. The Rb-Sr and K-Ar (which Ar-Ar dating is based upon) and the Lu-Hf system are also long-lived systems, which are appropriate to the timescalse but typically record different information from the U-Pb system in zircon. In the case of the Rb-Sr and K-Ar system, they are prone to disturbance by heating, which makes them useful for dating the cooling and uplift history of rocks.

2) Is a tricky measurement. You could use Ar-Ar dating or U238-U234-Pb206 dating. But both are analytically difficult because both the U-Pb and K-Ar system are based on decays that are slower than is optimal for the age range. There is not really a better alternative though. Both methods, are however applicable to young igneous rocks, with care.

3) C14 dating. The material is geologically young and organic, so if it has remained closed system, C14 is probably applicable.

4) None. You would look for volcanic ash beds in the sedimentary sequence and do U-Pb dating on the contained zircons. With a few exceptions, fossils cannot be directly dated.

ishathanwar88 ishathanwar88 · Answer 2 · 2022-07-26T08:03:00+02:00

Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemical element), and that differ in nucleon numbers (mass numbers) due to different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.

What is isotopes?

Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemical element), and that differ in nucleon numbers (mass numbers) due to different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. While all isotopes of a given element have almost the same chemical properties, they have different atomic masses and physical properties

The term isotope is formed from the Greek roots isos and topos, meaning "the same place"; thus, the meaning behind the name is that different isotopes of a single element occupy the same position on the periodic table. It was coined by Scottish doctor and writer Margaret Todd in 1913 in a suggestion to the British chemist Frederick Soddy.

The number of protons within the atom's nucleus is called atomic number and is equal to the number of electrons in the neutral (non-ionized) atom. Each atomic number identifies a specific element, but not the isotope; an atom of a given element may have a wide range in its number of neutrons. The number of nucleons (both protons and neutrons) in the nucleus is the atom's mass number, and each isotope of a given element has a different mass number.

Learn more about isotope

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