We link the AC voltages in series to raise the voltage and increase the output voltage. Because your system is consuming current while the measurement is being taken, you are lowering some voltage across the internal impedance of the battery.
Z stands for impedance, which is a statement of the resistance to alternating and/or direct electric current that an electronic component, circuit, or system offers. Resistance and reactance are two independent scalar (one-dimensional) phenomena that make up the vector (two-dimensional) quantity known as impedance.
When a school marching band is prevented from taking part in a parade because they cannot pay the bus' gas expenses, that is an example of impedance. A line of resistance within an electrical current is an illustration of impedance.
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