When sodium oxide is dropped into a buffered solution, the buffer's weak acid component consumes the added hydroxide ion.
A buffer must contain a weak acid and its conjugate base. There are several ways to make a solution containing these two components: buffers can be made from weak acids or bases and their salts.
When the solution contains a buffer, the hydroxide (OH-) ions react with the weak acid in the buffer solution instead of with water, likely to result in water and A- ions.
Thus, the buffer's weak acid absorbs the extra hydroxide ions from the solution.
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