The process by which plants and other organisms convert light energy (sunlight) into chemical energy (glucose) is known as Photosynthesis. photosynthesis is a reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction, meaning that it involves the transfer of electrons between chemical species. During the process, carbon dioxide is reduced (i.e., gains electrons) to form glucose, and water is oxidized (i.e., loses electrons) to form molecular oxygen. It is an endergonic process because it requires an input of energy from the surroundings in order for a chemical change to take place. The complex process of photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts (i.e., membrane-bound organelles in plant and algal cells). Sunlight powers a series of reactions that use water and carbon dioxide to synthesize glucose and release oxygen as a byproduct. The overall balanced equation for photosynthesis is commonly written as 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2. In other words, six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water react in the presence of sunlight to produce one molecule of glucose (a six-carbon sugar) and six molecules of oxygen.
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