The correct answer is Option 2. highlights a significant issue
The variety and variability of life on Earth is referred to as biodiversity or biological diversity. A measure of variety at the genetic (genetic variability), species (species diversity), and environmental (ecosystem diversity) levels is called biodiversity.
Because of the warm environment and high primary productivity in the area close to the equator, the tropics typically have higher levels of biodiversity than other parts of the planet. Less than 10% of the earth's surface is occupied by these tropical forest ecosystems, which are home to 90% of all species. The mid-latitudinal belt of all oceans and the shores of the Western Pacific, where the sea surface temperature is highest, typically have higher levels of marine biodiversity.
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