Respuesta :
Temperature and pressure can become so extreme at a particular depth that they can change the chemical makeup, texture, or mineralogy of rocks. The transformation of rocks is known as metamorphism.
At a depth of 10 to 30 km, the middle and lower crust produces the majority of metamorphic rocks. The rate at which the temperature of the Earth rises with depth is known as the geothermal gradient. It suggests that the Earth's surface is receiving heat from the planet's warm center. For every kilometer of depth, the temperature rises by about 25°C on average. Such magma bodies heat the surrounding rock to a temperature of about 1000 °C, causing contact metamorphism (Figure 7.19). In the absence of directed pressure, this occurs at very shallow depths, hence the resulting rock typically does not foliate. Tectonic forces, like the collision of two continental masses, frequently cause compressional stresses in the rocks, which cause the differential stress. Consequently, the cores of fold-and-thrust mountain belts or eroded mountain ranges are where regionally metamorphosed rocks are found. As far as metamorphic processes go, burial metamorphism occurs at pressures and temperatures that are relatively low (up to 300 °C). Tectonic forces, like the collision of two continental masses, frequently cause compressional stresses in the rocks, which cause the differential stress. Consequently, the cores of fold-and-thrust mountain belts or eroded mountain ranges are where regionally metamorphosed rocks are found. As far metamorphic as processes go, burial metamorphism occurs at pressures and temperatures that are quite low (up to 300 °C) (100s of m depth).
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