In the 19th century, a new phase of Western expansion began European nations viewed Asian & African societies as a source of industrial raw materials & a market for Western manufactured goods.
The European superpowers conquered a large portion of Africa and Southeast Asia in the middle to late 19th century. The industrializing nations of Europe saw the continents of Africa and Asia as potential sources of raw materials, labor, and land for future settlement during the imperial era. However, major growth and European settlement in these colonies were typically patchy. However, the colonies were used as a source of natural resources, labor, and occasionally even military conscripts.
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